“Patients with NUG or NUP may have a history of personal stress, poor oral hygiene, cachexia, heavy smoking and poor nutrition with possible vitamin deficiency. To optimize healing, adequate energy (calories) and protein intakes are critical, along with vitamin and minerals. A healthy diet is also important for maintaining oral health post-recovery. Dietary recommendations for bone specific nutrients including calcium and vitamin D for Canada and the United States were published in 1997 by the Institute of Medicine based on gender and age (Table 3).2 The majority of individuals living in North America have intakes of calcium and vitamin D that are below the current dietary recommended intakes (DRIs). This is problematic as calcium intakes below 800mg calcium per day are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease”