Receptors for Vitamin D in humans can vary according to genetic factors.

Variations in the receptors for Vitamin D exist in the population, and some variants have been associated with increased alveolar (dental) bone loss and tooth loss.

What levels of Vitamin D are needed in the serum?

While there is a lack of consensus on adequate levels of Vitamin D (25OHD3) in the serum, the Endocrine Society recommended a concentration of greater than 30 ng/ml to maximize the health effects of Vitamin D. Most studies indicate that the normal range of serum 250OHD3 lies between 20 to 100 ng/ml. Less than 20 ng/ml is considered Vitamin D-deficient.

Association between 25OHD3 and periodontal disease:

Numerous studies demonstrate a significant relationship between low serum Vitamin D and gum disease. The levels of Vitamin D are especially important in vulnerable groups such as postmenopausal and pregnant women. Association between vitamin D and gum disease is also influence by age, with a significant relationship between low vitamin D and tooth loss in older patients

Vitamin D status and the progression of periodontal (gum) disease:

The DENTAL LONGITUDINAL study found that participants that received less than 400IU of Vitamin D per day and more advanced levels of dental bone loss and more severe disease compared to participants that received more than 800IU daily. Another study in Germany found that blood levels of Vitamin D were inversely associated with tooth loss. However there are some conflicting studies, with the Osteo-Perio study found that serum levels of vitamin D as not associated in progression of periodontal diseaseImpact of supplementation with Vitamin D on periodontal disease outcomes: 

A trial by Hiremath in 2013 showed that participants that received 2000, 1000 or 500 IU per day of Vitamin over a 3 month period expended less gingival inflammation and bleeding compared to no supplementation. 

A 3 year randomized trial by Karl in 2001 in elderly men receiving calcium and vitamin D ( 700 IU/day) supplementation shoed 60% lower odds of tooth loss with synergy probable between calcium and vitamin D 

Vitamin D taken before periodontal surgery can improve the outcome.  Findings by Bashutski et al in 2011 showed that serum levels of Vitamin D has important effects on post-surgical healing. 

Vitamin D works three ways: it has anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and host modifying properties. Low levels of Vitamin D increased dental bone loss and gingival inflammation. 

There is significant evidence that adequate blood levels of Vitamin D, that is derived from sunlight exposure or diet, is required to maintain healthy gums. 

Journal of Periodontal Research

Volume 58, Issue 2

Apr 2023

Pages

i-iv, 213-464