“Known since antiquity, periodontitis became prevalent after the domestication of plants and animals in Neolithic societies (≈10,000 years ago) when the oral microbiota underwent a distinct compositional shift — with increased frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontitis-associated species — compared with earlier hunter-gatherer societies. In its severe form, which afflicts 8.5% of U.S. adults, periodontitis may not only cause tooth loss, but can also affect systemic health by increasing the patients’ risk for atherosclerosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis, aspiration pneumonia and cancer…At the microbial level, (it is) based on the presence of dysbiotic microbial communities with potential for destructive inflammation”